Last data update: May 13, 2024. (Total: 46773 publications since 2009)
Records 1-2 (of 2 Records) |
Query Trace: Caselton D[original query] |
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Uptake and effectiveness of a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in children in urban and rural Kenya, 2010-2012
Katz MA , Lebo E , Emukule GO , Otieno N , Caselton DL , Bigogo G , Njuguna H , Muthoka PM , Waiboci LW , Widdowson MA , Xu X , Njenga MK , Mott JA , Breiman RF . Pediatr Infect Dis J 2015 35 (3) 322-9 BACKGROUND: In Africa, recent surveillance has demonstrated a high burden of influenza, but influenza vaccine is rarely used. In Kenya, a country with a tropical climate, influenza has been shown to circulate year-round, like in other tropical countries. METHODS: During three months in 2010 and 2011, and two months in 2012, the Kenya Medical Research Institute/CDC-Kenya offered free injectable trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine to children 6 months-10 years old in two resource-poor communities in Kenya - Kibera andLwak (total population ~50,000). We conducted a case-control study to evaluate vaccine effectiveness (VE)in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza associated with influenza-like illness and acute lower respiratory illness. RESULTS: Of 52,000 eligible children, 41%, 48%, and 51% received at least one vaccine in 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively; 30%, 36%, and 38% were fully vaccinated. VE among fully vaccinated children was 57% (95% CI = 29-74%) during a 6-month follow-up period, 39% (95% CI = 17-56%) during a 9-month follow-up period, and 48% (95% CI = 32-61%) during a 12-month follow-up period. For the 12-month follow-up period, VE was statistically significant in children < 5 years and children 5 years old < 10 years old (50% and 46%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In Kenya, parents of nearly half of eligible children under 10 years old chose to get their children vaccinated with a free influenza vaccine. During a 12-month follow-up period the vaccine was moderately effective in preventing medically attended influenza-associated respiratory illness. |
Does the length of specimen storage affect influenza testing results by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction? An analysis of influenza surveillance specimens, 2008 to 2010
Caselton D , Arunga G , Emukule G , Muthoka P , Mayieka L , Kosgey A , Ochola R , Waiboci L , Feikin D , Mott J , Breiman R , Katz M . Euro Surveill 2014 19 (36) In some influenza surveillance systems, timely transport to laboratories for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing is challenging. Guidelines suggest that samples can be stored at 4°C for up to 96 hours but the effect of longer storage times has not been systematically evaluated. We collected nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal specimens from patients in Kenya and stored them in viral transport medium at 2 to 8°C before testing for influenza A and B using real-time RT-PCR. From April 2008 to November 2010, we collected 7,833 samples; 940 (12%) were positive for influenza. In multivariable analysis, specimens stored for six days were less likely to be influenza-positive compared to specimens stored between zero and one day (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.49, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27–0.93). There was no statistically significant difference in influenza positivity of specimens stored for five days compared to zero to one day. There was no statistically significant relationship between days in refrigeration and cycle threshold (Ct) values for positive samples (p=0.31). We found that samples could remain in storage for at least five days without affecting the proportion-positive of samples, potentially increasing the feasibility of including influenza surveillance sites in remote areas. |
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